In October 2024, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a final rule requiring all drinking water systems across the country to identify and replace lead service lines within 10 years. To support this, federal programs, including the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act (WIIN), Drinking Water State Revolving Funds (DW...
Groundwater is an essential source of drinking water and irrigation. Contamination occurs when chemicals seep into the soil from petroleum products, landfill waste, fertilizers, pesticides, leaking underground storage tanks and other sources. Groundwater contamination is often hard to detect and over time can cause severe consequences, including le...
In the final Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mandated that all water systems replace lead service lines within 10 years of the compliance date. An estimated 9.2 million lead service lines deliver water across the U.S. To meet the EPA's goal of full replacement, municipalities must develop tar...
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed effluent limitation guidelines (ELGs) as national regulatory standards to control wastewater discharges of pollutants into surface waters and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). To date, the EPA has issued ELGs for 59 industrial categories. The wastewater treatment plant effluent stan...
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines a brownfield as a property where redevelopment, expansion or reuse is complicated by the presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant or contaminant. These properties can range from small, abandoned gas stations to large industrial sites. When abandoned or neglected, brownfields can pose public...
Cost estimates play a critical role in the early planning stages of commercial sewage treatment systems. The first step in planning a wastewater treatment system upgrade for an industrial facility involves identifying suitable treatment processes and equipment. The next step is comparing the treatment processes, taking costs and operational realiti...
Farmers are no doubt well-versed in weather patterns, soil makeup and seed germination. Mention edge-of-field practices, and the conversation can become a little stilted. Despite potential to improve agriculture, many farmers have yet to adopt them. Still, the ability for edge-of-field practices to effectively boost water quality is a boon to agric...
Brownfield renewable energy is a promising solution for environmental restoration and sustainable power generation. Brownfields, or developed sites that may be contaminated or underused, provide unique opportunities to convert into productive energy hubs. With the proper planning and approach, these sites can become renewable energy projects. Feder...
Sustainable wastewater management focuses on closing the loop on resource usage during wastewater treatment, creating a system where waste is minimized by resource recycling and reuse. By integrating efficient treatment processes and technologies, communities can minimize environmental impact while improving long-term water quality. The 3Rs of sust...
Traditional sewage treatment plants are large outdoor facilities that require significant energy consumption and high operational and maintenance costs. Most traditional treatment plants adhere to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-mandated secondary treatment standards, which are minimum, technology-based requirements. In contrast, the effl...
Contaminated soil poses environmental health risks, making remediation essential. One of the most effective methods for a soil remediation approach is soil excavation, which involves removing and transporting contaminated soil off-site for treatment or disposal. This process is widely used but comes with significant costs. This blog post explores t...
There's a simple way for architects, engineers and even contractors to lower project costs – all it takes is a little planning and a lot of know-how. Fehr Graham specializes in soil management, including Clean Construction or Demolition (CCDD) services, which test project soil to determine if it qualifies for disposal at regulated sites throughout ...
Per- and Polyfluoroalkalyl Substances (PFAS) are not directly generated at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) but enter through influent from industrial, commercial and domestic sources. Standard sludge treatment methods, such as digestion, lime treatment, thermal drying and composting, do not remove PFAS. As a result, municipal biosolids often co...
The Mississippi River flows through Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin, carrying vast quantities of nutrient-rich freshwater and sediment to the Gulf of Mexico. Agricultural and urban runoff, primarily from fertilizers, animal manure and wastewater discharges, increase nitrogen and phosphorus in the river, resulting in hypoxia zones. These so-called dea...
The Illinois Nutrient Loss Reduction Strategy (NLRS) is a statewide plan designed to reduce nutrients entering Illinois waterways from agriculture, wastewater treatment plants and urban stormwater runoff. This plan is updated and expanded every two years through biennial reports. The most recent 2023 Biennial Report highlights the efforts, investme...
Biosolids are a byproduct of domestic sewage treatment at wastewater treatment plants. After chemical treatment and testing, this nutrient-rich organic material is commonly repurposed for land application. In Wisconsin, more than 85% of biosolids are reused as inexpensive fertilizer replacement, conditioner or soil amendment. However, per- and poly...
Nutrient runoff in Illinois waterways contributes to eutrophication, which eventually makes its way to the Gulf of Mexico, creating dead zones. These zones have low oxygen and cannot support the aquatic ecosystem. The Illinois Nutrient Loss Reduction Strategy (NLRS) is a collaborative effort across the state to limit the amount of nutrients, partic...
Most wastewater treatment equipment lasts 15 to 20 years, while the average wastewater treatment plants have a lifespan of 40 to 50 years. That means a majority of Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) in the U.S., built in the 1970s and 1980s, are nearing or beyond the intended lifespan. Aging pipes, outdated facilities and inefficient technology...
Many wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) use digestion to meet federal regulations and reduce total sludge volume. The correct digester optimizes operations and maintenance, so it's crucial to make the best choice – aerobic or anaerobic – for your WWTP. Aerobic digestion is more suitable for small and medium WWTPs because of its high-energy demand....
Access to clean water is essential, making protection against harmful contaminants a health and safety priority — especially in the Midwest. As the nation's agricultural hub, America's Breadbasket faces unique soil and groundwater contamination challenges. States like Illinois, Iowa and Wisconsin work to control and reduce pollutants through effect...
